The nootropic world is filled with a seemingly endless list of substances that are purported to have cognitive benefits.
One of the most popular at the moment seems to be Tongkat Ali, Longjack, or Eurycoma longifolia.
But what is it?
What does it do?
And how does it stack up against other nootropics in your daily regimen?
Read on for more information about this lesser-known substance and its potential place in your nootropic stack!
What is Tongkat Ali?
Tongkat Ali, also known by its more common name, Longjack, is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries.
It's native to the Malaysian rainforest, but it can now be found growing naturally around much of Southeast Asia (including Thailand) as well as parts of Africa.
Studies in rats and mice have shown that Tongkat Ali can enhance cognitive function, including memory and learning.
Because it has been used in traditional medicine, there has been some research into whether or not Tongkat Ali might help prevent age-related mental decline during which the brain naturally begins to lose mass and volume.
One study found that 300mg of Tongkat Ali per day was able to reduce an animal's anxiety levels by 40%.
Another study, this time in humans, found that the participants who took a testosterone supplement experienced increased energy and mood.
What Does Tongkat Ali Do?
As we mentioned previously, there is research to suggest that Tongkat Ali can improve cognitive function and memory.
It has also been shown to have a positive effect on mood and increase energy, which is why it has been used as a treatment for erectile dysfunction.
You may have heard that Tongkat Ali does the same thing as testosterone supplements.
In some ways, this is true-it can help to boost your libido-but you shouldn't expect to see the same dramatic changes as if you were taking a traditional testosterone supplement.
One study on rats found that Tongkat Ali raised levels of sex hormones (at least in male rats), but it did not affect muscle strength or weight gain, unlike actual steroids.
Health Benefits of Tongkat Ali
The major bioactive component in Eurycoma longifolia's roots is quassinoids.
Eurycomanone, for example, is a highly sought-after ingredient because of its supposed strength and testosterone-boosting capabilities.
Because most people are interested in the modern-day advantages that are aggressively promoted (and not in Tongkat Ali's folk medicine applications), we'll look at its health advantages via Eurycomanone effects.
In essence, a standardized Tongkat Ali root extract has the following science-backed benefits:
Aids in the reduction of estrogen-related gynecomastia by promoting normal testosterone levels and synthesis.
Improves male fertility
Promotes increased energy levels, strength, and performance
Promotes a good mood and healthy stress levels
It also encourages better bone density and health.
People who take it as a nootropic supplement do so because they want to increase their energy levels, memory recall, and mood.
It can be taken on its own or stacked with other supplements to help your mind function at full capacity.
When you stack Tongkat Ali with Piracetam, for example, you'll enjoy an increased mental capacity and a more relaxed mood.
On its own, on the other hand, Tongkat Ali is used as an effective nootropic for those who want to increase their libido or improve their energy levels without having to rely on caffeine-based stimulants.
How Tongkat Ali Promotes Testosterone Synthesis
For hundreds, if not thousands of years, Tongkat Ali has been used for male-related problems in conjunction with its ability to promote blood flow.
The major explanation?
According to scientific evidence today, Eurycoma longifolia — with a high enough concentration of the active component Eurycomanone — can boost healthy testosterone levels.
And greater testosterone levels have been linked to enhanced sexual desire and interest.
Taking a Tongkat Ali Extract with a particular amount of Eurycomanone might improve overall testosterone (the total amount of testosterone in your body, both bound and unbound) and free testosterone (testosterone that is not bound to other molecules, allowing it to be utilized for a variety of bodily processes).
Unfortunately, many Tongkat Ali supplements lack substantial quantities of Eurycomanone, meaning that you're trusting several businesses when they claim to contain it.
Eurycomanone, the active component in Tongkat Ali, has been found to regulate estrogen and estrogen-related chemical synthesis. As a result, this mechanism encourages testosterone production by stimulating both free testosterone and free testosterone levels.
The Leydig cells, which are most of them found in the testes, are responsible for testosterone production.
They require the signal from two essential organs: the hypothalamus (which is involved with a variety of activities) and the pituitary gland (which is concerned with growth and development).
Normally, when the hypothalamus and pituitary gland send a message to the Leydig cells, testosterone is produced.
Estradiol sends a message to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland after the body believes testosterone levels are enough.
They then send the information to the testes, which slows down testosterone production.
Estradiol inhibits the DHEA, making it impossible for testosterone synthesis to continue where it would otherwise stop when Eurycomanone is introduced.
There are a variety of other advantages connected with supplementing with Tongkat Ali, including increased energy levels and a more positive mood, which are all linked to the herb's most powerful active component.
How Tongkat Ali Promotes Better Energy Levels and Strength
Eurycomanone (and other Quassinoids) is one of the few scientifically demonstrated testosterone-boosting substances isolated from Tongkat Ali.
For its muscle strength and athletic performance support, bodybuilders and professional athletes frequently use Tongkat Ali.
Although the majority of Longjack dietary supplements are insufficient in their composition of beneficial active substances or have no traces of Eurycomanone (or Eurycoma longifolia), this means that most benefits gained from these pills are placebo or the result of extra stimulants.
Due to testosterone's mechanism that improves power output, overall strength, and anaerobic power in humans, a Tongkat Ali supplement with adequate Eurycomanone levels can assist lean body mass growth and performance.
According to a study, men who trained with weights and took a Longjack extract grew more lean muscle tissue than those who took a placebo.
The subjects who took the placebo also had lower levels of fat loss than the men who received a pill containing Tongkat Ali, suggesting that it may help promote healthy weight levels as well.
Is It Safe?
Tongkat Ali is a very safe supplement, but you should still check with your doctor before adding it to your stack.
It can interact poorly with some medications and has been known to cause certain side effects in some individuals who take it as an aphrodisiac.
If you are taking antidepressants or anticoagulants, Tongkat Ali might not be for you.
How Should You Take It?
Tongkat Ali is available in capsule, powder, and liquid form so it's easy to add to your daily regimen.
We recommend starting with 100-400mg per day of the Tongkat Ali extract if were taking it as a nootropic or libido booster (which can be taken once per day).
If you are taking it to treat erectile dysfunction, start with a lower dose of 100 mg twice daily.
Be sure to take Tongkat Ali in the morning and early afternoon so that your body has time to process before going to bed.
In Summary
Tongkat Ali has a place in your stack if you are looking to increase testosterone and energy levels.
Since it is an effective way of doing so, Tongkat Ali can also help with weight loss and lean muscle gains as well as athletic performance.
The supplement must have adequate levels of Eurycomanone or "Longjack" for maximum benefits, so make sure you are buying a high-quality product.
As with all dietary supplements, check with your doctor before adding Tongkat Ali to your stack for safety reasons and potential side effects.
123I-Ioflupane (also known as Datscan, Ioflupane, and [I-123] N-ω-fluoropropyl- 2β-carbomethoxy- 3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane methyl) is an injected radiopharmaceutical used to diagnose Parkinson's disease. It contains an iodine atom attached to a chemical called ioflupane, which binds to the dopamine transporters in the brain. When scanned by a specialized computer with a nuclear medicine imaging device, the image reveals regions of the brain where dopamine transporters are located.
2C-D
2C-D (also known as 2C-M, 2C-D, LE-25, and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine) is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine family. It has perceptual and psychoactive effects, including increased energy and altered states of consciousness. It can be taken orally or snorted in its crystalline powder form. The effects usually last for 3 to 6 hours.
3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate
3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate (also known as 3,4-DCMP or 3,4-CTMP) is a stimulant drug related to methylphenidate. It is a potent psychostimulant that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) and has been used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has also been studied for its potential to treat depression.
4 CTMP
Dichloropane (also known as 4 CTMP) is a stimulant of the phenyltropane class that acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with IC50 values of 3.13, 0.79, and 18 nM for the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine respectively. It is a structural analogue of 3,4-CTMP. Its effects include stimulation, thought acceleration, increased heart rate, appetite suppression and bronchodilation.
4-fluoromethylphenidate
4-Fluoromethylphenidate (also known as 4-FMPH and 4F-MPH) is a stimulant drug that belongs to the piperidine chemical class and is the 4-fluoro derivative of methylphenidate (Ritalin). 4F-MPH acts as a higher potency dopamine reuptake inhibitor than its closely related analog Ritalin, meaning it has greater effects on dopamine levels in the brain.
4- Methylmethylphenidate
4-methylmethylphenidate (also known as threo-4-Methylmethylphenidate and 4MeTMP) is a variant of methylphenidate, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Ritalin that is used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 4-Methylmethylphenidate has been studied as a potential cocaine antagonist by blocking the binding of cocaine to the dopamine transporter.
5-HTP
5-hydroxytryptophan (also known as 5-HTP, Oxitriptan, Levothym, Levotonine, Oxyfan, Telesol, Tript-OH, or Triptum) is a compound derived from the essential amino acid tryptophan. It serves as a precursor for serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood and sleep cycles. As such, it is increasingly used as an over-the-counter supplement to help manage feelings of depression and anxiety and improve sleep quality. 5-HTP has also been anecdotally reported to be effective in treating opioid withdrawal symptoms and aiding recovery after MDMA or other drugs that deplete serotonin levels.
Acetildenafil
Acetildenafil (also known as Hongdenafil) is a structural and pharmacological analog of Sildenafil (Viagra), a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is widely used in many 'natural' sexual potency blends. Acetildenafil belongs to the chemical class of pyrazolopyrimidines and has the molecular formula C25H34N6O3.
Acetyl-L-carnitine
Acetyl-L-carnitine (also known as Acetylcarnitine, L-acetylcarnitine, O-Acetyl-L-carnitine, and ALCAR) is an acetylated form of the amino acid lysine, which is naturally produced in the liver and kidneys. This synthesized form can easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it a powerful nootropic. ALCAR targets brain metabolism boosts mitochondria energy and acts as a neuroprotectant by protecting neurotransmitters. It plays a critical role in the mitochondrial energy production process by providing an acetyl group to replenish Coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for the Krebs cycle.
Adderall
Adderall (also known as Adderall XR and Mydayis) is a psychostimulant medication composed of four different amphetamine salts: dextroamphetamine saccharate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, racemic amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, and racemic amphetamine sulfate. This combination drug is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain.
Adrafinil
Adrafinil (CRL40028), sold under the name Olmifon, is a eugeroic drug originally developed in France in the 1970s and approved to treat narcolepsy and other sleep-related disorders. Referred to as a prodrug of Modafinil, Adrafinil works on the noradrenergic system improving alertness, attention, wakefulness, and mood, as well as reducing fatigue and increasing motivation.
Alpha-GPC
Alpha-GPC, also known as L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine or choline alfoscerate, is a compound naturally occurring in the brain. It comprises a choline group bound to a phosphate and glycerol molecule. Alpha-GPC is an important source of choline, essential in many bodily functions, such as cell signaling and communication, nerve function, metabolism, and muscle control. Alpha-GPC increases the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body, allowing for better memory recall and learning capacity.
Aminotadalafil
Aminotadalafil (also known as Amino Tadalafil, RR-ATDF, and UNII-FY501QO030) is a synthetic analog of Tadalafil, better known by its brand name Sildenafil. Aminotadalafil has been used in medical treatments such as erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Aminotadalfil has also been missold in ‘Alpha Male’ sexual enhancer supplements due to its close resemblance to tadalafil in terms of structure and mechanism of action.
Aniracetam
Aniracetam (1-(p-methoxybenzoyl)-2-pyrrolidinone) is a nootropic of the racetam family with an additional anisoyl ring and a methoxy group at the para position. Aniracetam modulates the AMPA receptor, and when taken orally it is quickly broken down into metabolites such as N-anisoyl-GABA, 2-Pyrrolidinone, and p-anisic acid. Plasma concentrations of Aniracetam and its active metabolite typically range between 5–15 μg/L and 5–15 mg/L respectively in the few hours following oral administration. Aniracetam is known by a number of brand names such as Draganon, Sarpul, Ampamet, Memodrin, and Referan.
Areca Nut
Areca Nut, commonly known as the Betel Nut Chewing, is a fruit derived from the Areca catechu palm tree native to South East Asia. The nut contains the stimulant arecoline and is often chewed alone or combined with mineral lime and wrapped in a Betel pepper plant leaf. Arecoline is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant, which is mainly responsible for the psychoactive effects of chewing the nut.
Arecoline (Transdermal Patch)
Arecoline is an alkaloid natural product found in oil form in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). Arecoline is a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist with a short half-life in the blood. To bypass this issue, arecoline transdermal patches have been developed. These patches offer advantages such as avoiding the hepatic first-pass effect, maintaining constant drug levels over longer periods, reducing the frequency of dosing, and providing greater patient compliance due to the ease of termination of medication.
Armodafinil
Armodafinil, also known by its trade names, Nuvigil, Waklert, and Artvigil, is an enantiopure compound of the eugeroic Modafinil (Provigil). It comprises only the R-(-)-enantiomer of racemic Modafinil. It is developed and marketed by Cephalon Inc. Armodafinil possesses wake-promoting properties that are similar to those of sympathomimetic agents, such as increased alertness, improved response times, and memory retention. Armodafinil is an indirect dopamine receptor agonist. It binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT) protein and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine into presynaptic neurons.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine (sold under Strattera) is a medication that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It belongs to the class of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which prevent the reuptake of norepinephrine throughout the brain. Mechanistically, it inhibits the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine reuptake in specific brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Atomoxetine has been shown to increase catecholamine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex without altering dopamine levels.
B-HO-Hordenine
Hordenine (N,N-dimethyltyramine), a phenethylamine alkaloid found in plants such as barley, is the N-methyl derivative of N-methyltyramine and the dimethyl version of tyramine. Hordenine is an indirectly acting adrenergic drug belonging to the phenethylamine class of compounds. It functions as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which results in increased concentrations of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine.
Bacopa Monnieri
Bacopa Monnieri, commonly known as Brahmi, is an ancient medicinal herb traditionally used in Ayurveda for its memory-enhancing properties. It modulates the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine (ACh), GABA, and glutamate. Bacopa Monnieri enhances stress resilience by improving the antioxidant status of neurons and increasing the neurotransmitter ACh.
Benzyl Cyanide (BnCN)
Benzyl Cyanide (BnCN), also known as 2-Phenylacetonitrile, α-Tolunitrile, or Benzylnitrile, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CN. It is a useful precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals due to its ability to undergo various chemical reactions to produce a range of products. One class of pharmaceuticals that can be produced from benzyl cyanide is anorectics, such as Sibutramine. Anorectics are drugs that suppress appetite and are used in the treatment of obesity.
Beta-asarone
Beta-asarone, also known as cis-Isoasarone, (Z)-Asarone, or cis-2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylprop-1-ene, is a chemical compound of the phenylpropanoid class. It is one of two isomers of Asarone and can be found in certain plants, such as Acorus and Asarum. Beta-asarone is of interest as a nootropic due to its potential cognitive-enhancing effects. However, its safety and legality are a concern as it can be metabolized into the controlled substance trimethoxyamphetamine.
Caffeine
Caffeine, also known as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, methyltheobromine, or by various brand names such as Vivarin and Cafcit, is an alkaloid with a substituted xanthine core. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant (CNS) and a natural psychoactive substance found in coffee, tea, and other plant-based foods. It is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances worldwide and has been studied extensively for its effects on alertness, attention, and cognitive performance.
Catechins
Catechins are a group of natural compounds found in green tea extract, which is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. The major catechins found in green tea are epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Catechins have a chemical structure characterized by a dihydroxybenzene ring and a dihydroxyphenyl group that are linked by a carbon-carbon bond. Specifically, the chemical structure of catechins is (2S,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol. The catechins in green tea are thought to have various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing effects.
Celastrus Paniculatus
Celastrus Paniculatus, also known as Black oil plant, climbing staff tree, or intellect tree, is a woody vine that bears fruit and is native to India. Its seeds have been used in Ayurvedic medicine for their various medicinal properties. Black oil plant seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have been found to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. The ability of Celastrus Paniculatus to protect the brain and improve cognitive functions, including memory, makes it a promising nootropic agent.
Centrophenoxine
Centrophenoxine, also known as meclofenoxate, is a cholinergic compound that is derived from the drug for arthritis, meclofenamic acid. When ingested, the liver breaks it down into two metabolites, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) and parachlorophenoxyacetic acid (PCPA). DMAE is a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and is thought to enhance cholinergic transmission in the brain. This, in turn, is believed to contribute to its mild memory-enhancing effects.
Choline Bitartrate
Choline Bitartrate is a salt of choline and tartaric acid, consisting of a quaternary ammonium cation connected to an alcohol group by an ethyl chain. The quaternary ammonium cation of choline is charged, enabling it to form salts with various anions. Choline Bitartrate has been used as a dietary supplement to provide choline, a nutrient necessary for synthesizing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), which is important for memory and cognitive function.
Cinnamon Extract
Cinnamon Extract is a preparation derived from the bark of various Cinnamomum species, including Cinnamomum verum and Cinnamomum cassia. It contains a complex mixture of biologically active compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and flavonoids. These compounds have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, which may contribute to Cinnamon Extract's potential cognitive benefits. Additionally, Cinnamon Extract has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for various purposes, including managing blood sugar levels and digestive disorders.
Citicoline (CDP-Choline)
Citicoline, also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline or CDP-Choline, is a naturally occurring compound found in human cells and is used as a dietary supplement. Its chemical structure consists of a cytidine nucleoside connected to a choline group via a diphosphate bridge. Citicoline is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a vital phospholipid in cell membranes. Its chemical properties and physiological effects suggest that it has beneficial effects on cognitive function, particularly memory and attention, as well as neuroprotection.
Coluracetam
Coluracetam is a synthetic compound belonging to the racetam family. It consists of a pyrrolidine nucleus and an acetamide group with a ketone bond. Coluracetam has a unique furoquinoline structure, which is not found in other racetams. It is a high-affinity choline uptake facilitator, which benefits people with CNS disorders, depression, and anxiety. It has also been reported to promote neuron growth, which may be helpful in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety.
The therapeutic potential of R-ALA Cyclodextrin in neurodegenerative disorders might be due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and protect against mitochondrial dysfunction.
R-ALA is a natural nootropic that has been found to have increased levels of acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and norepinephrine.
It also possesses antioxidant properties that might be related to its protective action on the mitochondria.
In this article, we'll review the neuroprotective effects of R-ALA on mitochondrial function and also discuss its therapeutic potential as a Nootropic.
What is R-ALA Cyclodextrin?
ALA is a fatty acid that may be obtained from greener sources. It promotes good oxidation in our mitochondria, which is beneficial to health.
Alpha Lipoic Acid is found in certain fruits and vegetables, but it has poor bioavailability and stability.
Another approach to enhance this is to choose the most active enantiomer, R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R ALA), and then stabilize it.
In the past, this was accomplished by adding Sodium to make Sodium R Alpha Lipoic Acid (Na-R-ALA).
R Alpha Lipoic Acid (R ALA) was stabilized within a cyclodextrin complex to create R ALA Cyclodextrin, which improved bioavailability and stability significantly more than did sodium stabilization.
R ALA Cyclodextrin is a typical and popular antioxidant that helps your body remove harmful free radicals.
This makes R ALA Cyclodextrin, without a doubt one of the greatest supplements for improving oxidation levels in general, especially in the Mitochondria.
What is the R in R alpha-lipoic acid?
The two forms (isomers) of alpha-lipoic acid have significantly varied characteristics.
The "R" form is the biologically active component (natural to the body) that gives lipoic acid its outstanding antioxidant effect.
The "R" form is made via chemical synthesis and is not very biologically active.
A 50/50 ratio of the "R" and "S" forms make up alpha-lipoic acid supplements. That means a 100 mg alpha-lipoic acid pill contains 50 mg of the bioactive "R" form.
R-lipoic acid, the active form, is naturally synthesized and utilized by the human body.
R-lipoic acid is more effective than the combined "R" and "S" forms that make up alpha-lipoic acid in reducing inflammatory responses.
What is the difference between ALA and R Ala?
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a vitamin-like antioxidant, whereas R-lipoic acid is the cis form of alpha-lipoic acid.
ALA is made in animals normally and is essential for aerobic metabolism.
R-lipoic acid acts as a cofactor in the mitochondrial enzymatic production of energy.
In other words, R lipoic acid is an essential nutrient to mitochondria and it must be present for them to function normally.
R-lipoic acid has been found to support healthy insulin function and glucose metabolism in the mitochondria of diabetic patients.
It may also protect against fatty liver disease by preventing fat accumulation within cells (hepatocytes).
On top of all this, it may help to reduce oxidative stress and blood pressure.
What are the benefits of R-ALA Cyclodextrin?
When it comes to antioxidant activity, R-lipoic acid is a powerful biomolecule.
It can prevent oxidative damage to proteins by reacting with lipid peroxides and preventing the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a highly toxic metabolite from oxidized lipids in cell membranes.
In addition, it blocks nitrosative stress by preventing nitric oxide from binding to superoxide, thus reducing the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-).
On a similar note, R ALA Cyclodextrin may help protect mitochondria against oxidative damage.
It also appears to be neuroprotective and promotes synaptic plasticity in neurons. It's even been shown to be effective in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
This makes it a great Nootropic for anyone who wants to improve brain health and function.
What about the side effects?
R-ALA Cyclodextrin is very safe.
It's even been shown to be helpful in cases of diabetic neuropathy, hepatitis C, alcohol liver disease, and poisoning with heavy metals like mercury or lead.
Due to its low toxicity profile, R-ALA Cyclodextrin can be taken in large doses.
This is especially true in cases of mitochondrial dysfunction, which increases the need for antioxidants like R-ALA Cyclodextrin to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage.
That being said, some side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Mostly digestive issues in sensitive individuals who take too much at once.
It may lower blood sugar as well so it's recommended that diabetics monitor their glucose levels carefully while taking this supplement.
What is the recommended dosage of R-ALA Cyclodextrin?
The typical dose for a therapeutic effect is 250 to 500 mg, two times per day.
In some cases, doses as high as 1500mg have been used without suffering any adverse effects.
I recommend taking it on an empty stomach to improve bioavailability, especially if you are using high doses.
You can also take it with a choline source to increase the effects. Alpha-GPC or Citicoline are great choices for this.
You may also stack it with Acetyl L-Carnitine to gain the benefits of their combined compounds.
Mitochondrial density and function may be enhanced by the use of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Acetyl L-Carnitine, in particular.
In Summary
R-ALA is a powerful antioxidant that protects mitochondria against oxidative damage, in addition to providing neuroprotective effects.
It's been shown to be helpful for those with diabetic neuropathy, hepatitis C, alcohol liver disease, and poisoning from heavy metals like mercury or lead.
This nootropic can also cross the blood-brain barrier which makes it great for improving brain health and function as well as promoting synaptic plasticity among neurons.
Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting but are mostly digestive issues experienced by sensitive individuals who take too much at once.
The typical dose of R-ALA Cyclodextrin is 250mg two times per day while doses up to 1500 mg have been used without suffering any adverse side effects.
I recommend taking this Nootropic on an empty stomach to improve bioavailability, especially if you are using high doses.
You can also take it with a choline source like Alpha-GPC or Citicoline to increase the benefits.
Additionally, stacking R ALA Cyclodextrin together with Acetyl L-Carnitine may further improve mitochondrial function.
Schisandra, or “Wondrous Berry,” is a fruit that has been eaten for centuries in China.
It was used to help improve liver function and as an herbal remedy for chronic hepatitis.
In recent years the Schisandra fruit has been shown to have many other benefits as well.
Studies show that it can increase energy levels and mental performance.
In this article, we'll look at the various benefits of Schisandra, and discuss what makes it such a unique nootropic.
So without further ado, let's get started!
What is Schisandra?
Schisandra, or “Wondrous Berry,” is a fruit that has been eaten for centuries in China.
It was used to help improve liver function and as an herbal remedy for chronic hepatitis.
In recent years the Schisandra fruit has been shown to have many other benefits as well.
Schisandra is an adaptogen that has been shown to improve mental performance in short-term memory tasks.
One study even showed improvement on complex mental tasks like multi-tasking!
It’s also great for increasing energy levels and reducing fatigue, which is especially helpful if you’re new to nootropics.
It’s even been shown to have some antioxidant properties, which are great for improving overall health.
What Does the Research Show?
Studies show that it can increase energy levels and mental performance.
In one study on elderly Chinese subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Schisandra improved their quality of life by increasing their energy levels.
Schisandra has also been shown to have antidepressant properties, which can be helpful for those with low moods or depressive symptoms.
In another study on healthy adults, Schisandra was shown to improve mental performance when it comes to memory recall.
The subjects in the study were given two sets of numbers and asked to recite them back from memory after a half-hour delay.
Those who took 500mg of Schisandra twice daily showed significant improvement compared with those taking placebo.
What’s the Best Way to Use Schisandra?
Schisandra is most commonly used in either capsule or tablet form.
It can be taken on its own but is often stacked with other nootropics because of the synergistic effects.
Schisandra works best if it’s used consistently for at least two to three weeks before assessing overall effectiveness.
If you don’t experience any benefits after four or five days, try increasing the dosage.
It’s usually best to start with 500mg twice daily, and then adjust your dosage based on your results!
Why Schisandra is a Unique Nootropic
Schisandra is a 'novel' nootropic because it offers benefits that don't overlap with other popular choices such as Piracetam and Pramiracetam.
Schisandra is also unique because much of its research has been done in China, whereas other nootropics are more commonly researched in the West.
While it’s not clear yet if Schisandra can be used to improve memory directly like many others focus on doing, there’s enough evidence that it can help with mental focus and energy.
What makes Schisandra stand out is that it's an adaptogen.
An adaptogen is a natural substance that can help improve overall health and wellness by helping the body adapt to stress.
What is Schisandra good for?
Schisandra is good for increasing energy levels and mental performance.
It’s also helpful for reducing fatigue, which can be especially beneficial if you’re new to nootropics!
And while it hasn't been shown to directly improve memory like many other popular choices, Schisandra has shown some evidence that it enhances mental focus and recall.
It’s also great for increasing energy levels and reducing fatigue, which is especially helpful if you’re new to nootropics.
Antidepressant-like effects
Depression is a widespread problem that affects over 350 million people of all ages throughout the world, according to a WHO study from 2014.
It's also the most common health issue, affecting nearly 30% of people at some point in their life.
Depression is a heterogeneous illness characterized by symptoms of sadness. Depression can lead to suicide at its most severe.
The majority of major depressive disorder's clinical symptoms, such as delusions, anxiety, irritability, or sleeplessness, can be successfully treated with present psychotropic medications.
Nonetheless, cognitive impairments (such as a poor capacity to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness) may linger in individuals even after the appearance of depressive symptoms has ended or faded and significantly impact their social and occupational functioning.
Indeed, meta-analyses have shown that cognitive impairments persist in recovered patients.
For this reason, cognitive impairment is a viable target for both pharmacological and psychological therapies with the aim of improving function.
The results show that SCE can improve cognitive function in mice with depressive symptoms, suggesting it may be a potential treatment for major depression and mood disorders.
The effects of SCE on the monoamines, dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SE), were also studied in mice with depressive symptoms.
Administration of SCE extract for 21 days significantly increased the content of DA metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA).
Conversely, SE levels remained the same in SCE-treated mice.
These results suggest that chronic administration of SCE can enhance mood by increasing DA levels, which is known to have an antidepressant effect and is used as a biomarker for depression.
In addition, pretreatment with SCH significantly increased cAMP production mediated through dopamine D(Ⅱ) receptors (D(Ⅱ)R), which is thought to be related to an antidepressant mechanism.
According to this study, the integral optical density (IOD) of BDNF (brown particles) in the CUMS group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01).
With respect to cognitive function, SCE treatment (250 or 500 mg/kg) increased the number of positive hippocampal neurons and IOD in SCE (600 or 1200 mg/kg), indicating that SCO up-regulated the BDNF expression in hippocampal neurons.
This suggests that SCE may improve cognitive function and protect against neuronal loss in depression by stimulating the expression of BDNF.
Effects of Schisandra Chinensis on PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways
Antidepressants can activate the PI-AKT signaling pathway to treat depressive symptoms.
In the study, SCE inhibited GSK-β in a dose-dependent manner and increased pGSK-β levels at 150 mg/kg of SCE after 21 days of administration.
This suggests that inhibition of GSK phosphorylation by SCE may contribute to the improvement of depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice.
This study showed that administration of SCO (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days increased pGSK and Akt levels, while decreased GSK phosphorylation (Ser21).
SCH significantly inhibited PI-AKT expression in depressive mice.
These results suggest that the antidepressant-like activity of SCE is mediated by PI-AKT/GSK signaling pathways, and SCO may be a possible candidate for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with major depression.
In Summary
Schisandra Chinensis (SCE) is a unique nootropic that has been shown to have antidepressant-like activity.
It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-fatigue, antistress effects.
This herb has also been shown to increase levels of dopamine metabolites and BDNF expression in the brain.
Additionally, SCE upregulated PI-AKT/GSK signaling pathways by inhibiting GSK phosphorylation (Ser21) which may contribute to the improvement of depressive-like symptoms.
In addition, the effects of SCH on the monoamines dopamine and serotonin were studied in mice with depressive symptoms.
In this article, I'll examine the 8 safest nootropics to try without risk. I'll cover the benefits, what you can expect from each one, and what to be aware of before trying any nootropic.
As the pace of life continues to accelerate, there is an increasing demand for solutions that can help individuals stay focused and productive in the face of ever-growing challenges.
Nootropics are a category of cognitive supplements that have been gaining traction in recent years due to their ability to improve focus, memory, and other mental abilities. A market analysis estimates that the global nootropics market size will reach USD 29.24 billion by 2028 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.0%.[1]
Searching for the right nootropic to try can be daunting, yet with this guide, you will discover 8 of the safest and most reliable options.
Allowing you to get started on your journey into cognitive enhancement without putting yourself at any risk.
The 8 safest nootropics to try without risk, according to scientific evidence, are:
Nooceptin
Vyvamind
NooCube
Mind Lab Pro
L-Theanine
Caffeine + L-Theanine Stack
Creatine
CDP-Choline
1. Nooceptin
With Nooceptin (also known as FDG-117), you can maximize your abilities and access heightened cognitive performance.
Nooceptin is an innovative nootropic formula that features 7 distinct ingredients designed to stimulate brain power, bolster energy levels, and inspire a steadfast clarity of thought.
Let science work its magic on you and unlock the exceptional capabilities that lay within with this nootropic blend painstakingly formulated to increase your concentration and performance.
Lion's Mane Mushroom Extract - 400 mg (30% polysaccharides)
Panax Ginseng Extract - 200 mg
Lion's Mane Mushroom Extract (H. erinaceus), in particular, has been shown to improve cognitive functions. One study found that taking supplements containing the fruiting body of H. erinaceus for 12 weeks significantly improved cognitive functions.[2]
Saitsu, Yuusuke, et al. conducted 3 tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Benton visual retention test, and Standard verbal paired-associate learning test (S-PA).
Results showed that MMSE alone demonstrated that oral intake of H. erinaceus positively affected cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, language ability, etc.
Nooceptin Pros
An all-natural nootropic blend containing 7 ingredients
Safe and ideal for people who want to access heightened cognitive performance
Uses scientifically-proven ingredients that can support cognitive functions
You get more bang for your buck
No prescription needed
Nooceptin Cons
Not ideal for people on a tight budget
Nooceptin in Summary
Containing a blend of nootropic ingredients that work synergistically to stimulate cognitive abilities, Nooceptin is a dietary supplement that can provide substantial performance-enhancing results without any harsh side effects. It is ideal for people looking to maximize their mental performance without any risks.
2. Vyvamind
Unlock the limits of your mental prowess with Vyvamind (NSV-313) – an evidence-based nootropic blend developed from 6 powerful natural ingredients in perfect convergence.
Tap into this revolutionary cognitive enhancer and take on any challenge you face, experiencing improved clarity and focus that can last for hours giving long-term benefits extending to months.
Vyvamind contains the following nootropic ingredients:
Vitamin B6 (2.5 mg)
Vitamin B12 (50 mcg)
L-Tyrosine (300 mg)
Citicoline (CDP Choline) - 200 mg
L-Theanine (150 mg)
Caffeine Anhydrous (75 mg)
Caffeine stacked with L-Theanine has been shown to deliver improved cognitive performance without the annoying side effects of consuming too much caffeine.[3] The perfect recipe of the two in Vyvamind enhances their effects while reducing any jitteriness caused by caffeine on its own.
Vyvamind Pros
It contains 6 scientifically-proven nootropic ingredients
The perfect blend of L-Theanine and Caffeine for improved cognitive performance
No harsh side effects due to low caffeine levels
Ideal for long-term use
No prescription needed
Vyvamind Cons
Shipping times may take up to 2 weeks to the EU
Vyvamind in Summary
Carefully crafted to deliver maximum cognitive performance, Vyvamind is an innovative nootropic supplement that contains 6 scientifically-proven ingredients in perfect synergy. It can improve focus and clarity without any side effects, making it ideal for people looking to enhance their mental capabilities safely and naturally.
3. NooCube
NooCube is the latest innovative nootropic stack offering a range of impressive cognitive benefits. Containing 13 carefully selected nootropic ingredients, this advanced blend has been scientifically crafted to help you stay concentrated and energized throughout your day.
NooCube's nootropic ingredients are:
Lutemax® 2020
Bacopa Monnieri 12:1 (20% bacosides) 250 mg
Huperzia Serrata (0.5% huperzine-a) 20 mg
Pterostilbene 140 mcg
Resveratrol 99% 14.3 mg
L-Theanine 100 mg
L-Tyrosine 250 mg
Alpha GPC (Glycerylphosphorylcholine) 50 mg
Oat Straw Extract 10:1
Cat's Claw 4:1
Vitamin B1 1.1 mg
Vitamin B7 50 mcg
Vitamin B12 2.5 mcg
Notably, Resveratrol - a polyphenol with strong antioxidant properties found in red wine and blueberries - has been added to NooCube for improved brain health.
Randomized clinical trials have conclusively shown that Resveratrol protects against oxidative stress damage[4] and is also beneficial for boosting memory recall and promoting greater cerebral blood flow - keeping your mind at its peak performance.
With NooCube, you get 13 carefully selected nootropic ingredients in perfect synergy for maximum cognitive performance. It increases alertness, focus, and clarity with no harsh side effects or risk of addiction. Perfectly safe, NooCube is ideal for those looking to boost their mental capabilities without needing a prescription.
4. Mind Lab Pro
Mind Lab Pro is a nootropic stack synergistically formulated to boost the brain's full potential. Combining 11 natural ingredients, Mind Lab Pro offers unmatched cognitive enhancement without any unwanted side effects like jitters or crashes.
This premier blend includes key nootropic ingredients such as:
Vitamin B6, 2,5 mg
Vitamin B9, 100 mcg
Vitamin B12, 7.5 mcg
L-theanine, 100 mg
Citicoline, 250 mg
Bacopa monnieri, 150 mg
Organic lion’s mane mushroom, 500 mg
Phosphatidylserine, 100 mg
N-acetyl L-tyrosine, 175 mg
Rhodiola rosea, 50 mg
Maritime pine bark extract, 75 mg
While you strive to maintain a busy lifestyle, make sure your brain is not left behind. Feed it essential nourishment like N-acetyl L-tyrosine and Vitamin B6 to keep it at its peak performance.
One study on N-acetyl L-tyrosine found that it significantly impacted cognitive performance in challenging situations. It was observed to counteract the decreased working memory and information processing resulting from demanding environmental conditions such as extreme weather or mental workload.[5]
According to Hase, Adrian et al., this effect was attributed to its ability to restore neurotransmitter catecholamine levels in the brain, which had been depleted due to these stressful conditions.
Mind Lab Pros
11 natural and safe nootropic ingredients
Contains nootropics backed by clinical research
No jitters or crashes
No prescription needed
Mind Lab Pro Cons
Pricier than other blends on my list
Mind Lab Pro in Summary
Mind Lab Pro is an optimal blend of 11 natural and safe nootropic ingredients. It provides the perfect balance between effectiveness and safety, offering unmatched cognitive enhancement without any unwanted side effects like jitters or crashes. Perfectly safe, Mind Lab Pro is ideal for those looking to boost their mental capabilities without needing a prescription.
5. L-Theanine
L-Theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) is an amino acid found naturally in green tea. It has been used for centuries as a nootropic supplement that reduces stress and improves mood.
Research has shown L-Theanine to be safe, non-toxic, and effective at improving cognitive function. It is known to increase brain serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and glycine levels to improve mental clarity and focus.[6]
Additionally, it can reduce anxiety and symptoms of depression by decreasing levels of cortisol and other stress hormones. L-Theanine works by blocking excitatory pathways in the brain while activating inhibitory pathways that help relax the mind.
L-Theanine Pros
Readily available in supplement form
L-Theanine is naturally found in green tea
Safe, non-toxic, and effective
Improves mental clarity and focus
Reduces anxiety and symptoms of depression
L-Theanine Cons
High dosages can cause drowsiness
L-Theanine in Summary
One of the most popular nootropics on the market, L-Theanine is an amino acid found naturally in green tea. It has been used for centuries to reduce stress and improve mood. Research has shown it to be safe, non-toxic, and effective at improving cognitive function. Perfectly safe for long-term use, L-Theanine is a great choice for those looking to boost their mental powers without any risks.
6. Caffeine + L-Theanine Stack
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. It works by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain, which causes an increase in alertness and energy levels.[7]
However, caffeine can also lead to restlessness, anxiety, jitters, and insomnia when taken in large doses or on an empty stomach.
But stacked (combined) with L-Theanine, caffeine can be a powerful nootropic supplement that can help improve focus and mental performance without unwanted side effects.
L-Theanine works synergistically with caffeine to give you an energized yet calm feeling, improving your concentration and focus while reducing any jitters or anxiety. Feel more awake without the usual side effects of stimulants.
Caffeine + L-Theanine Stack Pros
Energized yet calm feeling
Improves focus and mental performance
Reduces jitters and anxiety
Safe and non-toxic
Caffeine + L-Theanine Stack Cons
It can become less effective with regular use
Caffeine + L-Theanine Stack in Summary
The Caffeine and L-Theanine stack is a powerful nootropic combination that combines the stimulating effects of caffeine with the calming effects of L-Theanine. It provides an energized yet calm feeling and improves focus and mental performance without unwanted side effects like jitters or anxiety.
7. Creatine
Commonly known in the bodybuilding and fitness world, Creatine is a supplement used to improve athletic performance. But it can also be used as a nootropic for enhanced mental functions such as improved memory, learning, focus and overall brain health.[8]
Creatine works by increasing the body’s phosphocreatine stores, which helps produce ATP, a molecule that provides energy to cells. This enhances mental energy and focus. It also increases dopamine levels, which is beneficial for memory formation.[9]
It has a robust safety profile, with no serious side effects reported making it a great nootropic for people looking to improve their cognitive performance without risk.
Creatine Pros
Improves memory and learning
Enhances mental energy and focus
Increases dopamine levels
Protects neurons from damage
Safe and readily available in stores
Creatine Cons
Not ideal for people with kidney diseases
Creatine in Summary
Creatine is a well-known supplement used to improve athletic performance. But it can also be used as a nootropic to enhance mental functions such as memory, learning, focus, and overall brain health. It’s safe and readily available without any serious side effects reported making it an ideal choice for those looking to improve their cognitive performance without risk.
8. CDP-Choline
CDP-choline, commonly known as Citicoline or Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is a compound responsible for synthesizing the phospholipids which form cell membranes.[10]
When administered orally or directly into the bloodstream, it releases two compounds, cytidine, and choline, that play an important role in cellular structure maintenance. It is known to increase dopamine and acetylcholine levels (ACh) in the brain, which helps with focus, attention span, and learning.
CDP-choline is well-tolerated and non-toxic, making it a safe option without risk.
CDP-Choline Pros
Improves focus and attention span
Increases dopamine and ACh levels
Protects neurons from damage
Safe and readily available
CDP-Choline Cons
Not as effective as other nootropics on this list
CDP-Choline in Summary
CDP-Choline is an important source of nutrients for cell maintenance and enhances cognitive functions such as focus and attention span. It is safe and readily available without any serious side effects reported making it an ideal choice for those looking to improve their cognitive performance without risk.
What Are the Best Safest Nootropics To Try Without Risk?
According to my market research, user reviews, and scientific studies, these are the 8 safest nootropics to try without risk:
Nooceptin
Vyvamind
NooCube
Mind Lab Pro
L-Theanine
Caffeine + L-Theanine Stack
Creatine
CDP-Choline
All the nootropics on my list have been scientifically tested and proven safe and effective, so you can confidently try them without fear. However, it is always important to consult your healthcare professional before taking any of these supplements.
You can enhance your cognitive capabilities without any adverse side effects by leveraging the safest nootropics on this list. Whether you want to improve focus, boost memory, or become more productive, these nootropics will help you reach your goals without risk.
I want to make sure your journey in cognitive enhancement is safe and efficient, which is why I've only included natural nootropics that have been used by thousands of people worldwide - including myself.
With these nootropics, you can improve your mental performance without compromising safety or wasting money.
How to Choose the Safest Nootropics?
When it comes to choosing the safest nootropics, certain criteria need to be considered:
Safety: This one is obvious. Firstly, ensure your chosen nootropic has a proven safety profile and is free from any side effects based on the available scientific literature.
Potency: Secondly, make sure the nootropic is potent enough to provide noticeable results. That means looking at the doses and dosages recommended by experts (especially if you choose nootropic blends).
Availability: Lastly, the nootropic should be easy to obtain through online stores or local supplement shops. This way, you’ll always have access whenever you need it.
These are the 3 main criteria to consider when choosing the safest nootropics.
If you have any kidney diseases, it is highly recommended that you speak with your healthcare professional before following my advice.
What Are the Benefits of the Safest Nootropics?
By taking the safest nootropics, you can:
Improve cognitive performance
Boost focus and attention span
Enhance memory recall and learning capacity
Increase energy levels naturally
Reduce stress and anxiety levels
These benefits can be experienced without any adverse side effects, making these nootropics a safe and effective solution for improving mental performance.
It's worth pointing out that all of the nootropics on my list are only natural, so they're free from any harsh chemicals that can lead to side effects.
This makes any nootropics on this list great for long-term use and can be combined/stacked for better results.
What Are the Side Effects of the Safest Nootropics?
The side effects of the safest nootropics are minimal. For example, some users have reported feeling headaches and dizziness when taking caffeine-based nootropic blends like Vyvamind.
Stacking two or more nootropics can also increase side effects, so it’s important to stick to recommended dosages and not exceed them. However, given the nature of these natural nootropics, the side effects are rare, usually mild, and don’t last long.
The bottom line is that all of these nootropics have been tested thoroughly and proven to be safe when taken as directed. So, if you follow the recommended dosages and guidelines, you should not experience serious side effects.
Do the Safest Nootropics Without Risk Really Work?
So do I personally think that the safest nootropics without risk really work?
In short, yes. I have personally used many of these nootropics and can confirm that they do have a noticeable effect on your cognitive performance.
The key is finding a balanced approach to combining them in order to maximize their efficacy while minimizing potential side effects. With some experimentation, you can find the perfect nootropic stack for your needs.
If you don't want to experiment too much or find the world of nootropics a bit overwhelming, I highly recommend looking into nootropic blends like Nooceptin.
With Nooceptin, you can be confident that it contains the right dose of safe and effective nootropics, making it a great option for those who want to get started without worrying about potential side effects.
You also get more bang for your buck compared to buying individual nootropics.
Final Thoughts
So what do we know about the safest nootropics to try without risk?
Firstly, they must have a proven safety profile with minimal side effects. Secondly, they must be potent enough to provide noticeable results. Thirdly, they should be easy to obtain online or in local supplement shops.
Lastly, the scientific literature should be able to back up their efficacy.
We know that natural nootropics are more favorable than synthetic ones due to their lower risk of side effects. We also know that you can stack more than one nootropic for better results, but it is important to stick to recommended dosages.
Nootropic blends like Nooceptin are the best value for money as they contain the right dosage of safe and effective nootropics, making them a great option for those who want to get started without worrying about potential side effects.
I hope this article has given you an insight into which are the safest nootropics to try without risk; if you have any questions, please feel free to reach out to me privately.
